Les 100 étoiles les plus brillantes du Ciel




Voici une liste des 100 étoiles les plus brillantes du Ciel. Il est intéressant de remarquer que pratiquement toutes ces étoiles ont un nom, le plus souvent d'origine arabe. De nombreuses autres étoiles moins brillantes ont aussi été nommées, surtout celles appartenant au dessin des constellations les plus typiques.
Le classement n'est sans doute pas exactement rigoureux dans la mesure où les valeurs des magnitudes peuvent varier légèrement d'une source à une autre. Les magnitudes suivantes sont issues des mesures du satellite Hipparcos.

Sirius est l'étoile la plus brillante du Ciel avec une magnitude de -1.44. On trouve ensuite une cinquantaine d'étoiles jusqu'à la magnitude 2, et environ 500 sur les 2 hémisphères dont la luminosité apparente est inférieure à la magnitude 4.

Dans le tableau suivant, sont listés les noms des étoiles, les notations Bayer, les magnitudes apparentes ainsi que les types spectraux (eux aussi sensiblement variables selon les sources), et enfin les coordonnées J2000 (ascensions droites et déclinaisons).


1 Sirius Alpha CMa -1.44 A0 6h45m08.856s -16 42.9994'
2 Canopus Alpha Car -0.62 F0 6h23m57.114s -52 41.7390'
3 Arcturus Alpha Boo -0.05 K0 14h15m39.549s +19 10.8917'
4 Rigil Kentaurus, Toliman Alpha Cen -0.01 G0 14h39m35.695s -60 50.0258'
5 Véga Alpha Lyr 0.03 A0 18h36m56.363s +38 47.0291'
6 Capella Alpha Aur 0.08 G0 5h16m41.370s +45 59.8681'
7 Rigel Beta Ori 0.18 B8 5h14m32.272s - 8 12.0984'
8 Procyon Alpha CMi 0.40 F5 7h39m18.042s + 5 13.4721'
9 Achernar Alpha Eri 0.45 B5 1h37m42.863s -57 14.2066'
10 Bételgeuse Alpha Ori 0.45 M0 5h55m10.308s + 7 24.4240'
11 Hadar, Agena Beta Cen 0.61 B1 14h03m49.394s -60 22.3833'
12 Altair Alpha Aql 0.76 A5 19h50m47.056s + 8 52.1095'
13 Acrux Alpha Cru 0.77 B1 12h26m35.889s -63 05.9456'
14 Aldébaran Alpha Tau 0.87 K5 4h35m55.245s +16 30.5531'
15 Spica Alpha Vir 0.98 B2 13h25m11.574s -11 09.6801'
16 Antarès Alpha Sco 1.06 M0 16h29m24.459s -26 25.9207'
17 Pollux Beta Gem 1.16 K0 7h45m18.875s +28 01.5708'
18 Fomalhaut Alpha PsA 1.17 A3 22h57m39.086s -29 37.3385'
19 Mimosa Beta Cru 1.25 B1 12h47m43.252s -59 41.3262'
20 Deneb Alpha Cyg 1.25 A2 20h41m25.915s +45 16.8203'
21 Régulus Alpha Leo 1.36 B8 10h08m22.284s +11 58.0325'
22 Adhara Epsilon CMa 1.50 B1 6h58m37.548s -28 58.3250'
23 Castor Alpha Gem 1.58 A0 7h34m35.842s +31 53.2902'
24 Gacrux Gamma Cru 1.59 M3 12h31m09.964s -57 06.7997'
25 Schaula Lambda Sco 1.62 B2 17h33m36.519s -37 06.2301'
26 Bellatrix Gamma Ori 1.64 B2 5h25m07.862s + 6 20.9817'
27 El Nath Beta Tau 1.65 B8 5h26m17.516s +28 36.4423'
28 Miaplacidus Beta Car 1.67 A0 9h13m11.927s -69 43.0296'
29 Alnilam Epsilon Ori 1.69 B0 5h36m12.813s - 1 12.1152'
30 Alnair Alpha Gru 1.73 B5 22h08m14.005s -46 57.6624'
31 Alnitak Dzeta Ori 1.74 B0 5h40m45.527s - 1 56.5542'
32 Gamma Vel 1.75 O0 8h09m31.949s -47 20.1950'
33 Alioth Epsilon UMa 1.76 A0 12h54m01.770s +55 57.5890'
34 Kaus Australis Epsilon Sgr 1.79 A0 18h24m10.313s -34 23.0803'
35 Mirfak Alpha Per 1.79 F5 3h24m19.374s +49 51.6701'
36 Dubhe Alpha UMa 1.81 K0 11h03m43.632s +61 45.0611'
37 Wezen Delta CMa 1.83 F8 7h08m23.484s -26 23.5919'
38 Alkaid Eta Uma 1.85 B3 13h47m32.418s +49 18.7955'
39 Sargas Theta Sco 1.86 F0 17h37m19.129s -42 59.8695'
40 Avior Epsilon Car 1.86 K0 8h22m30.840s -59 30.5696'
41 Menkalinan Beta Aur 1.90 A0 5h59m31.714s +44 56.8459'
42 Atria Alpha TrA 1.91 K2 16h48m39.900s -69 01.6638'
43 Delta Vel 1.93 A0 8h44m42.231s -54 42.5318'
44 Alhena Gamma Gem 1.93 A0 6h37m42.700s +16 23.9533'
45 Peacock Alpha Pav 1.94 B3 20h25m38.859s -56 44.1077'
46 Polaire Alpha Umi 1.97 F8 2h31m49.452s +89 15.8463'
47 Mirzam Beta CMa 1.98 B1 6h22m41.985s -17 57.3550'
48 Alphard Alpha Hya 1.99 K2 9h27m35.241s - 8 39.5153'
49 Hamal Alpha Ari 2.01 K2 2h07m10.429s +23 27.7415'
50 Algieba Gamma Leo 2.01 K0 10h19m58.362s +19 50.4891'
51 Deneb Kaitos, Diphda Beta Cet 2.04 K0 0h43m35.396s -17 59.1955'
52 Nunki Sigma Sgr 2.05 B3 18h55m15.927s -26 17.8048'
53 Menkent Theta Cen 2.06 K0 14h06m40.879s -36 22.2110'
54 Alpheratz, Sirrah Alpha And 2.07 A0 0h08m23.274s +29 05.4216'
55 Kochab Beta UMi 2.07 K5 14h50m42.313s +74 09.3306'
56 Saiph Kappa Ori 2.07 B0 5h47m45.389s - 9 40.1763'
57 Mirach Beta And 2.07 M0 1h09m43.946s +35 37.2305'
58 Beta Gru 2.07 M3 22h42m40.071s -46 53.0747'
59 Rasalhague Alpha Oph 2.08 A5 17h34m56.082s +12 33.5962'
60 Algol Beta Per 2.09 B8 3h08m10.131s +40 57.3389'
61 Almach Gamma And 2.10 K0 2h03m53.958s +42 19.7822'
62 Denebola Beta Leo 2.14 A2 11h49m03.522s +14 34.3206'
63 Cih Gamma Cas 2.15 B0 0h56m42.537s +60 43.0043'
64 Gamma Cen 2.20 A0 12h41m31.003s -48 57.5868'
65 Naos Dzeta Pup 2.21 O3 8h03m35.042s -40 00.1884'
66 Aspidiske, Tureis Iota Car 2.21 F0 9h17m05.402s -59 16.5134'
67 Alphecca, Margarita, Gemma Alpha CrB 2.22 A0 15h34m41.282s +26 42.8792'
68 Lambda Vel 2.23 K5 9h07m59.755s -43 25.9550'
69 Mizar Dzeta UMa 2.23 A2 13h23m55.565s +54 55.5211'
70 Sadir Gamma Cyg 2.23 F8 20h22m13.702s +40 15.4008'
71 Eltanin Gamma Dra 2.24 K5 17h56m36.368s +51 29.3331'
72 Shedar Alpha Cas 2.24 K0 0h40m30.450s +56 32.2390'
73 Mintaka Delta Ori 2.25 B0 5h32m00.400s - 0 17.9455'
74 Caph Beta Cas 2.28 F5 0h09m10.793s +59 08.9820'
75 Epsilon Cen 2.29 B1 13h39m53.255s -53 27.9840'
76 Epsilon Sco 2.29 K0 16h50m09.734s -34 17.6007'
77 Dschubba Delta Sco 2.29 B0 16h00m20.005s -22 37.3036'
78 Alpha Lup 2.30 B2 14h41m55.752s -47 23.2927'
79 Eta Cen 2.33 B3 14h35m30.418s -42 09.4704'
80 Merak Beta UMa 2.34 A0 11h01m50.492s +56 22.9465'
81 Izar Epsilon Boo 2.35 A0 14h44m59.212s +27 04.4540'
82 Enif Epsilon Peg 2.38 K0 21h44m11.161s + 9 52.5007'
83 Kappa Sco 2.39 B2 17h42m29.274s -39 01.7997'
84 Ankaa Alpha Phe 2.40 K0 0h26m17.084s -42 18.3682'
85 Phecda Gamma UMa 2.41 A0 11h53m49.867s +53 41.6859'
86 Sabik Eta Oph 2.43 A2 17h10m22.680s -15 43.4929'
87 Scheat Beta Peg 2.44 M0 23h03m46.480s +28 04.9710'
88 Aludra Eta CMa 2.45 B5 7h24m05.702s -29 18.1861'
89 Alderamin Alpha Cep 2.45 A5 21h18m34.806s +62 35.1356'
90 Markab Kappa Vel 2.47 B3 9h22m06.816s -55 00.6398'
91 Gienah Epsilon Cyg 2.48 K0 20h46m12.728s +33 58.2241'
92 Markab Alpha Peg 2.49 A0 23h04m45.660s +15 12.3148'
93 Menkar Alpha Cet 2.54 M0 3h02m16.771s + 4 05.3820'
94 Dzeta Oph 2.54 B0 16h37m09.539s -10 34.0248'
95 Dzeta Cen 2.55 B2 13h55m32.377s -47 17.3037'
96 Zosma Delta Leo 2.56 A3 11h14m06.517s +20 31.4195'
97 Delta Cen 2.58 B3 12h08m21.491s -50 43.3457'
98 Gienah Ghurab Gamma Cor 2.58 B8 12h15m48.352s -17 32.5152'
99 Arneb Alpha Lep 2.58 F0 5h32m43.816s -17 49.3373'
100 Zubeneschamali Beta Lib 2.61 B8 15h17m00.404s - 9 22.9756'